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Allion Labs / Blake Chu

近年來資安問題頻傳,越來越多裝置(個人計算機,行動裝置等) 透過云端物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IoT)與云端儲存相互鏈接,數(shù)據(jù)的開放性衍生出許多資安問題和惡意攻擊。除了一般常見的防病毒軟件,以軟件層面來防堵之外,硬件層面部分尤其是儲存裝置的防護,會以硬件加密為主,例如常見的「ASE 256bit」加密技術(shù),便是透過儲存裝置內(nèi)建支持硬件加密的控制器單元,對儲存裝置進行完整磁盤加密。硬件加密的安全性較高,要將數(shù)據(jù)從硬盤竊取幾乎是不可能的任務(wù)。

擁有加密技術(shù)的儲存裝置越來越多,但該如何確保其加密功能是真正安全符合規(guī)范?TCG組織(Trusted Computing Group)便規(guī)劃了「Opal儲存裝置安全規(guī)范(Opal Storage Specification)」,符合TCG Opal規(guī)范的儲存裝置,可于裝置內(nèi)執(zhí)行加密,在效能、安全和管理方面,皆較軟件的加密系統(tǒng)更具數(shù)據(jù)保密之優(yōu)勢;也更不影響主機系統(tǒng)作業(yè)且不占用資源,不需要額外的主機加密組件,所有加密皆于裝置內(nèi)部進行完成。

為了驗證是否符合TCG Opal規(guī)范,我們與知名測試驗證工具開發(fā)商ULINK Technology合作,利用其開發(fā)的測試工具與對應(yīng)的TCG測試腳本,提供相關(guān)TCG Opal Certification Test以及TCG Opal Protocol Test驗證其產(chǎn)品是否能通過測試。我們利用通過TCG組織通過認(rèn)可的測試工具來對儲存裝置(SATA/NVMe)進行驗證。以下為兩個測試相關(guān)介紹。

  1. TCG Opal Certification Test:

為了驗證TCG儲存裝置是否正常符合TCG規(guī)范TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Version 2.01; TCG Storage OPAL Family Test Cases Specification, Version 1.00,利用Certification Test針對儲存裝置進行TCG functional check,確認(rèn)回傳值是否符合spec規(guī)范。TCG Opal Certification Test測試項目如下:

TCG Opal Certification Test Items
a.????? Use Case Test Cases: b.???? Specific Functionality: c.????? Error Test Cases:
1.?????? UCT-01 Level 0 Discovery 1.?????? SPF-01Transaction 1.?????? ETC-01 Native Protocol Read/Write Locked Error Responses
2.?????? UCT-02 Properties 2.?????? SPF-02 IF-RECV Behavior Tests 2.?????? ETC-02 General IF-SEND /IF-RECV Synchronous Protocol
3.?????? UCT-03 Taking ownership of an SID 3.?????? SPF-03 TryLimit 3.?????? ETC-03 Invalid IF-SEND Transfer length
4.?????? UCT-04 Activate Locking SP when in Manufactured Inactive State 4.?????? SPF-04 Tries Reset 4.?????? ETC-04 Invalid SessionID – Regular Session
5.?????? UCT-05 Configuring Authorities 5.?????? SPF-05 Tries Reset on Power Cycle 5.?????? ETC-05 Unexpected Token Outside of Method – Regular Session
6.?????? UCT-06 Configuring Locking Objects (Locking Ranges) 6.?????? SPF-06 Next 6.?????? ETC-06 Unexpected Token in Method Header – Regular Session
7.?????? UCT-07 Unlocking Ranges 7.?????? SPF-07 Host Session Number (HSN) 7.?????? ETC-07 Unexpected Token Outside of Method – Control Session
8.?????? UCT-08 Erasing Ranges 8.?????? SPF-08 RevertSP 8.?????? ETC-08 Unexpected Token in the Method Parameter List – Control Session
9.?????? UCT-09 Using the DataStore table 9.?????? SPF-09 Range Alignment Verification 9.?????? ETC-09 Exceeding Transaction Limit
10.??? UCT-10 Enable MBR Shadowing 10.??? SPF-10 Byte Table Access Granularity 10.??? ETC-10 Invalid Invoking ID – Get
11.??? UCT-11 MBR Done 11.??? SPF-11 Stack Reset 11.??? ETC-11 Invalid Invoking ID – Non-Get
12.??? UCT-12 Revert the Locking SP using SID, with Locking SP in Mfg state 12.??? SPF-12 TPer Reset 12.??? ETC-12 Authorization
13.??? UCT-13 Revert the Admin SP using SID, with Locking SP in Mfg-Inactive state 13.??? SPF-13 Authenticate 13.??? ETC-13 Malformed ComPacket Header – Regular Session
14.??? UCT-14 Revert the Admin SP using SID, with Locking SP in Mfg state 14.??? SPF-15 Random 14.??? ETC-14 Exceed TPer Properties – Regular Session
15.??? UCT-15 Revert Admin SP using Admin1, with Locking SP in Mfg state 15.??? SPF-16 CommonName 15.??? ETC-15 Exceed TPer Properties – Control Session
16.??? UCT-16 Revert Admin SP using PSID, with Locking SP in Manufactured state 16.??? SPF-17 DataStore Table 16.??? ETC-16 Overlapping Locking Ranges
17.??? SPF-18 Range Crossing Behavior 17.??? ETC-17 Invalid Type
18.??? SPF-19 Block SID Authentication 18.??? ETC-18 RevertSP – GlobalRange Locked
19.??? ETC-19 Activate / ATA Security Interaction
20.??? ETC-20 StartSession on Inactive Locking SP
21.??? ETC-21 StartSession with Incorrect HostChallenge
22.??? ETC-22 Multiple Sessions
23.??? ETC-23 Data RemovalMechanism – Set Unsupported Value

 

  1. TCG Opal Protocol Test:

接下來驗證其Opal Protocol test是否符合TCG規(guī)范TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Version 2.01; TCG Storage OPAL Test Cases Specification, Version 1.00,利用Opal Protocol Test針對儲存裝置進行functional check,確認(rèn)回傳值是否符合spec規(guī)范。TCG Opal Protocol Test測試項目如下:

TCG Opal Protocol Test Items
a.????? OPALv1: b.???? OPALv1:
1.??????? A0: Identify Device 1.??????? AlignSet_DataStore
2.??????? A1: Trusted Send/Receive 2.??????? AlignSet_LBA
3.??????? A2: Protocol ID = 0 related 3.??????? AlignSet_MBR
4.??????? A3: Level 0 Discovery 4.??????? Authenticate
5.??????? A4: Synchronous Communication Ptc 5.??????? Protocol2
6.??????? A5: ComPacket/Packet/SubPacket 6.??????? Random
7.??????? A7: Transaction 7.??????? Revert_Effect2
8.??????? A8: Ending Session 8.??????? StackReset
9.??????? A9: Empty Atom 9.??????? TPerInfo_SSC
10.???? A10: Properties 10.???? TPerReset
11.???? A11: Start/SyncSession 11.???? VerifyGeometry
12.???? A6: Method_invoke/response 12.???? RevertSP_Pyrite1_0 (for Pyrite1.00 device only)
13.???? A12_Get_Byte_GramChk 13.???? DataRemoval
14.???? A13_Set_Byte_GramChk 14.???? StartSyncSession_SessionTO
15.???? A14_Next_AdminSP_GramChk c.????? TableInfo:
16.???? A15_GetACL_AdminSP_GramChk 1.??????? C1: Level 0 Discovery contents
17.???? A19_RevertSP_GramChk 2.??????? C2: Properties() contents
18.???? D1_ACESet 3.??????? C3: Get() contents
19.???? D2_AuthoritySet 4.??????? C3_Get_ObjTable_LockSP_All
20.???? D3_C_PINSet 5.??????? C4: Next() contents
21.???? D4_LockingSet_RangeStartLength 6.??????? C5: GetACL() contents
22.???? D4_LockingSet_WriteLock d.???? Features:
23.???? D5: MBRControl.Set 1.??????? Additional_DS
24.???? D6: MBR.Set 2.??????? PSID
25.???? D7: DataStore.Set() 3.??????? SingleUser
26.???? D8: K_AES_*.GenKey 4.??????? BlockSID
27.???? D9: Activate
28.???? D10: Revert()/RevertSP
29.???? D10_RevertSP_Effect
30.???? D11: Power Cycle

 

這邊舉一個實際案例與大家分享。符合TCG儲存裝置有個「shadow MBR」功能,用戶開啟此裝置時,會先進入一個稱為shadow MBR模擬空間進行pre-boot的身份驗證動作;通過驗證后,才會進入真正的開機程序,與裝置鏈接。在「UCT-10 Enable MBR Shadowing這個item中,我們可以看到該裝置因在「subcase 2: Set on ACE_MBRControl_Set_DoneToDOR to include User1 and User8; Set Response: Pass這個地方無法正?;貍鲗?yīng)值,無法取得認(rèn)證,故此item便判定為Fail。

除了提供TCG Opal Certification Test & TCG Opal Protocol Test驗證報告以外,百佳泰也可以針對產(chǎn)品無法通過驗證的測項進行結(jié)果分析,協(xié)助廠商解決并通過驗證。相信透過這兩大項測試層層把關(guān),通過嚴(yán)苛考驗的產(chǎn)品能在市面上帶給客戶信任感。